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On this page, we have compiled information about the Oiran Dochu (Oiran procession).

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What is Oiran Dochu?

The grandeur and elegance of Oiran Dochu captivated people, making it a major event for commoners and tourists alike. This ceremony not only showcased the beauty and status of the Oiran but also represented the prestige and dignity of the pleasure quarters as a whole. This article delves into the origins, characteristics, cultural background, and significance of Oiran Dochu, as well as its history up to the present day.

1. The Origins and Establishment of Oiran Dochu

1.1 The Development of the Pleasure Quarters System

The establishment of Oiran Dochu is deeply tied to the pleasure quarters system developed during the Edo period. In 1617 (Genna 3), the Tokugawa Shogunate officially recognized the licensed prostitution system, allowing courtesans to operate only within designated areas. This system aimed to prevent moral corruption and maintain social order.

As a result, pleasure quarters were established across Japan, including Yoshiwara in Edo (later Shin-Yoshiwara), Shimabara in Kyoto, and Shinmachi in Osaka. Each region developed its own unique culture within the pleasure quarters. Among them, Yoshiwara in Edo was the largest, becoming the stage for high-ranking courtesans known as Oiran.

1.2 The Role of the Oiran

The Oiran were the highest-ranking courtesans in the pleasure quarters, excelling in beauty, education, and artistic skills. The pleasure quarters had a strict hierarchy, and many courtesans underwent long periods of training to aspire to become Oiran. However, only a select few could achieve this status, making it a highly exclusive position.

Oiran Dochu developed as a symbolic event to showcase the Oiran's special status. Initially, it was a means of traveling to meet clients, but its beautiful attire and walking style captivated people, gradually transforming it into a ceremonial event.

2. Characteristics of Oiran Dochu

2.1 Extravagant Attire

The most striking feature of Oiran Dochu is the Oiran's luxurious attire. Their kimono, made from high-quality silk, is adorned with gold and silver embroidery and lavish decorations. The layered kimono can weigh up to 20 kg.

The obi (sash) is tied in the front, and their hair is styled in the "Katsuyama Mage" (Katsuyama chignon), decorated with ornate kanzashi (hairpins) and combs. This extravagant attire emphasizes the Oiran's elegance and beauty, leaving onlookers in awe.

2.2 Unique Footwear and Walking Style

The Oiran wear "sanmaiba geta," a type of wooden sandal with three teeth, each about 10 cm tall. In these sandals, the Oiran walk slowly and gracefully using the "Hachimonji" walking style.

The Hachimonji walk involves spreading the feet in a figure-eight pattern while taking careful steps. This walking style not only highlights the Oiran's grace but also evokes a sense of awe in spectators.

2.3 The Structure of Oiran Dochu

Oiran Dochu is not performed by the Oiran alone; she is accompanied by attendants who play supporting roles. These attendants include:

Kamuro: Young girls who walk ahead of the Oiran, clearing the path and alerting the surroundings.
Shinzō: Young courtesans who assist the Oiran by adjusting her attire and supporting her during the procession.
Otokoshi: Male attendants who carry luggage and assist the Oiran as needed.

This structure makes Oiran Dochu a glamorous and dignified event that captures the attention of onlookers.

3. The Cultural Significance of Oiran Dochu

3.1 A Symbol of Status

Oiran Dochu not only showcased the Oiran's status but also symbolized the prestige of the pleasure quarters as a whole. The Oiran's attire, decorations, and ceremonial movements were important elements that demonstrated the economic prosperity and cultural sophistication of the pleasure quarters.

For clients, welcoming the Oiran Dochu was a special occasion, reflecting their respect for both the Oiran and the pleasure quarters.

3.2 Oiran Dochu as Entertainment

For commoners and tourists outside the pleasure quarters, Oiran Dochu was a major form of entertainment. The sight of the Oiran walking was like a living work of art, and spectators lining the streets marveled at its beauty and extravagance. Oiran Dochu played an important role in the culture of Edo's townspeople.

4. The Decline and Revival of Oiran Dochu

4.1 Changes After the Meiji Restoration

With the Meiji Restoration, Japan underwent Westernization and modernization, leading to significant shifts in societal values. As a result, the culture of the pleasure quarters gradually declined, and traditional ceremonies like Oiran Dochu became less common. The movement to abolish the licensed prostitution system in 1899 (Meiji 32) had a particularly significant impact on the pleasure quarters culture.

4.2 Oiran Dochu in Modern Times

Today, Oiran Dochu is reenacted as part of tourism events and cultural festivals. In tourist areas like Kyoto and Asakusa, events allow participants to experience Oiran Dochu in traditional attire. Additionally, Oiran Dochu is depicted in movies, dramas, and stage performances, captivating modern audiences with its beauty.

5. The Significance of Studying Oiran Dochu

5.1 A Symbol of Japanese Culture

Oiran Dochu is not just a historical event but a symbol of the depth and aesthetics of Japanese culture. The extravagant attire and ceremonial movements reflect how people of the time perceived beauty and incorporated it into their lives. Through Oiran Dochu, we can gain insight into the cultural values and aesthetics of the Edo period.

5.2 Cultural Influence on Modern Times

The beauty and ceremonial nature of Oiran Dochu have influenced modern fashion and events. By reinterpreting traditional culture and applying it to contemporary contexts, new values can be created. For example, incorporating elements of Oiran Dochu into modern performance art or fashion shows allows for a fusion of tradition and innovation.

Conclusion

Oiran Dochu is a glamorous event symbolizing the culture of the Edo-period pleasure quarters. Through the Oiran, it conveyed the aesthetics and cultural values of the time. Its grandeur and ceremonial nature captivated people and played a role in making the culture of the pleasure quarters widely recognized in society.

However, with modernization after the Meiji period, Oiran Dochu declined, and its traditions were temporarily forgotten. Nevertheless, its value is being rediscovered through tourism and cultural events, allowing it to thrive as part of modern Japanese culture.

Studying Oiran Dochu is not just about understanding the past but also about exploring the depth and aesthetic roots of Japanese culture. By understanding its historical background and social significance, and by applying it from a modern perspective, the charm of Oiran Dochu will continue to be shared widely.

5.3 Passing the Tradition to Future Generations

Learning about Oiran Dochu and applying it in modern contexts is crucial for passing down Japanese traditional culture to future generations. By sharing its cultural background and aesthetics with younger generations, we can provide opportunities to rediscover the values and traditions of old Japan.

Additionally, reenacting Oiran Dochu in tourism events and educational settings contributes to regional revitalization and international cultural exchange. For foreign tourists, witnessing traditional ceremonies like Oiran Dochu can deepen their understanding of Japanese culture.

5.4 Fusion with Modern Art

Recently, Oiran Dochu has gained attention for its fusion with modern art and stage performances. Its symbolic visuals and ceremonial elements inspire new forms of artistic expression. For example, modern adaptations of traditional attire and the Hachimonji walk are giving rise to new art forms.

Such efforts are important not only for preserving traditional culture but also for evolving it to fit contemporary times. Oiran Dochu holds great potential as a cultural bridge connecting the past and present.

What Did You Think About Oiran Dochu?

Oiran Dochu is a beautiful and prestigious event representing the culture of the Edo-period pleasure quarters. Its history and cultural significance are profound, reflecting the aesthetic and cultural values of Japanese society at the time.

Although it declined with modernization, it has been revived through tourism and cultural activities, finding new value in modern times. Studying Oiran Dochu is not just about preserving historical heritage but also about exploring its potential for cultural creativity and application in the present.

As a symbol of Japanese culture and a bridge between tradition and modernity, we hope Oiran Dochu will continue to captivate many people in the future.